Penske Automotive Group, Inc. (PAG) Spending and interest coverage
- R&D / revenue · 12 months: Value (m); Formula and calculation Research and development expense / revenue. Period ending 2026-06-30..
- Stock-based compensation / revenue · 12 months: Value 0.09%; Formula and calculation Share-based compensation / revenue. Period ending 2026-06-30..
- Interest coverage · 12 months: Value (m); Formula and calculation Estimated: average term debt × dated USD coupon proxy + average commercial paper × matching-currency disclosed rate at or before period end. Swaps, foreign-exchange, lease interest and amortization are not quantified..
Spending and interest coverage
Overview →Financial period ending 2026-06-30; current quote (m). Amounts retain their stated periods and units.
| Metric | Value | Formula and calculation |
|---|---|---|
| R&D / revenue · 12 months | (m) | Research and development expense / revenue. Period ending 2026-06-30. Calculation unavailable: missing inputs remain (m). |
| Stock-based compensation / revenue · 12 months | 0.09% | Share-based compensation / revenue. Period ending 2026-06-30. $29.10M ÷ $32.20B × 100 ≈ 0.09% |
| Interest coverage · 12 months | (m) | Estimated: average term debt × dated USD coupon proxy + average commercial paper × matching-currency disclosed rate at or before period end. Swaps, foreign-exchange, lease interest and amortization are not quantified. Calculation unavailable: missing inputs remain (m). |
Calculation inputs
| Input | Amount with unit | Raw financial data |
|---|---|---|
| Research and development spending | (m) | |
| Revenue | 32.20B USD | Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax |
| Stock-based compensation | 29.10M USD | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense |
| Operating income | 1.21B USD | Operating Income (Loss) |
| Interest expense · reported / estimated | (m) | Interest Expense · Estimated expense assumptions |
Latest interest expense basis: (m). Estimated values carry *; expand each history row’s basis for its dated balances and rate assumptions.
Calculated history
Changes compare with the next older row (previous quarter), unless explicitly labeled otherwise. Rolling 12-month growth compares two successive quarter-end rolling totals; it is not year-over-year growth.
| Period ending | Research and development spending (USD) | Revenue (USD) | Stock-based compensation (USD) | Operating income (USD) | Interest expense · reported / estimated (USD) | R&D / revenue | SBC / revenue | Interest coverage | Interest expense basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-06-30 | (m) | $32.20B | $29.10M | $1.21B | (m) | (m) | 0.09% | (m) | (m) |
| 2026-03-31 | (m) | $31.72B | $30.30M | $1.24B | (m) | (m) | 0.10% | (m) | (m) |
| 2025-12-31 | (m) | $31.81B | $30.20M | $1.28B | (m) | (m) | 0.09% | (m) | (m) |
| 2025-09-30 | (m) | $30.68B | $31.30M | $1.30B | (m) | (m) | 0.10% | (m) | (m) |
| 2025-06-30 | (m) | $30.58B | $31.00M | $1.31B | (m) | (m) | 0.10% | (m) | (m) |
| 2025-03-31 | (m) | $30.61B | $29.90M | $1.30B | (m) | (m) | 0.10% | (m) | (m) |
| 2024-12-31 | (m) | $30.46B | $29.40M | $1.32B | (m) | (m) | 0.10% | (m) | (m) |
| 2024-09-30 | (m) | $30.01B | (m) | $1.25B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2024-06-30 | (m) | $29.86B | (m) | $1.26B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2024-03-31 | (m) | $29.64B | (m) | $1.31B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2023-12-31 | (m) | $29.53B | (m) | $1.35B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2023-09-30 | (m) | $29.27B | (m) | $1.42B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2023-06-30 | (m) | $28.74B | (m) | $1.45B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2023-03-31 | (m) | $28.18B | (m) | $1.46B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2022-12-31 | (m) | $27.81B | (m) | $1.49B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2022-09-30 | (m) | $27.10B | (m) | $1.51B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2022-06-30 | (m) | $26.68B | (m) | $1.52B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2022-03-31 | (m) | $26.76B | (m) | $1.54B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2021-12-31 | (m) | $25.55B | (m) | $1.36B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2021-09-30 | (m) | $25.07B | (m) | $1.24B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2021-06-30 | (m) | $24.55B | (m) | $1.15B | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2021-03-31 | (m) | $21.21B | (m) | $817.70M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2020-12-31 | (m) | $20.44B | (m) | $704.50M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2020-09-30 | (m) | $20.52B | (m) | $614.80M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2020-06-30 | (m) | $20.52B | (m) | $500.00M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2020-03-31 | (m) | $22.62B | (m) | $600.40M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2019-12-31 | (m) | $23.18B | (m) | $652.70M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2019-09-30 | (m) | $22.73B | (m) | $636.50M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2019-06-30 | (m) | $22.42B | (m) | $631.00M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2019-03-31 | (m) | $22.60B | (m) | $647.90M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2018-12-31 | (m) | $22.79B | (m) | $664.90M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2018-09-30 | (m) | $22.74B | (m) | $665.30M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2018-06-30 | (m) | $22.61B | (m) | $653.60M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2018-03-31 | (m) | $22.05B | (m) | $636.90M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2017-12-31 | (m) | $21.39B | (m) | $611.40M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2017-09-30 | (m) | $20.88B | (m) | $599.60M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2017-06-30 | (m) | $20.50B | (m) | $588.90M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2017-03-31 | (m) | $20.38B | (m) | $581.00M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2016-12-31 | (m) | $20.12B | (m) | $574.90M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2016-09-30 | (m) | $20.15B | (m) | $575.80M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2016-06-30 | (m) | $19.96B | (m) | $580.30M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2016-03-31 | (m) | $19.63B | (m) | $575.10M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2015-12-31 | (m) | $19.28B | (m) | $566.50M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2015-09-30 | (m) | $18.16B | (m) | $562.00M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2015-06-30 | (m) | $17.59B | (m) | $542.30M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2015-03-31 | (m) | $17.06B | (m) | $519.00M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2014-12-31 | (m) | $17.18B | (m) | $504.10M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2014-09-30 | (m) | $16.83B | (m) | $493.50M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2014-06-30 | (m) | $16.17B | (m) | $474.80M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2014-03-31 | (m) | $15.40B | (m) | $450.70M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2013-12-31 | (m) | $14.71B | (m) | $436.20M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2013-09-30 | (m) | $14.28B | (m) | $420.99M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2013-06-30 | (m) | $13.79B | (m) | $398.80M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2013-03-31 | (m) | $13.41B | (m) | $375.88M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2012-12-31 | (m) | $13.16B | (m) | $364.86M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2012-09-30 | (m) | $12.92B | (m) | $348.55M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2012-06-30 | (m) | $12.59B | (m) | $341.63M | $47.07M | (m) | (m) | 7.26× | Reported |
| 2012-03-31 | (m) | $12.05B | (m) | $320.74M | $45.95M | (m) | (m) | 6.98× | Reported |
| 2011-12-31 | (m) | $11.56B | (m) | $298.19M | $45.02M | (m) | (m) | 6.62× | Reported |
| 2011-09-30 | (m) | $11.64B | (m) | $271.43M | $45.04M | (m) | (m) | 6.03× | Reported |
| 2011-06-30 | (m) | $11.36B | (m) | $259.63M | $45.98M | (m) | (m) | 5.65× | Reported |
| 2011-03-31 | (m) | $11.09B | (m) | $251.33M | $47.95M | (m) | (m) | 5.24× | Reported |
| 2010-12-31 | (m) | $10.71B | (m) | $240.85M | $49.27M | (m) | (m) | 4.89× | Reported |
| 2010-09-30 | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2010-06-30 | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2010-03-31 | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2009-12-31 | (m) | $9.50B | (m) | $208.52M | $55.20M | (m) | (m) | 3.78× | Reported |
| 2009-09-30 | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2009-06-30 | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2008-12-31 | (m) | $11.64B | (m) | $-401.04M | $54.50M | (m) | (m) | -7.36× | Reported |
(m) means missing inputs. Historical market-based ratios use the saved close on or immediately before period ending and that period’s reported shares; current quotes are not substituted. Five-year projections repeat historical CAGR, not analyst forecasts.
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