RESEARCH FRONTIERS INCORPORATED (REFR) Spending and interest coverage
- R&D / revenue · 12 months: Value 84.22%; Formula and calculation Research and development expense / revenue. Period ending 2026-06-30..
- Stock-based compensation / revenue · 12 months: Value (m); Formula and calculation Share-based compensation / revenue. Period ending 2026-06-30..
- Interest coverage · 12 months: Value (m); Formula and calculation Estimated: average term debt × dated USD coupon proxy + average commercial paper × matching-currency disclosed rate at or before period end. Swaps, foreign-exchange, lease interest and amortization are not quantified..
Spending and interest coverage
Overview →Financial period ending 2026-06-30; current quote (m). Amounts retain their stated periods and units.
| Metric | Value | Formula and calculation |
|---|---|---|
| R&D / revenue · 12 months | 84.22% | Research and development expense / revenue. Period ending 2026-06-30. $551.00K ÷ $654.23K × 100 ≈ 84.22% |
| Stock-based compensation / revenue · 12 months | (m) | Share-based compensation / revenue. Period ending 2026-06-30. Calculation unavailable: missing inputs remain (m). |
| Interest coverage · 12 months | (m) | Estimated: average term debt × dated USD coupon proxy + average commercial paper × matching-currency disclosed rate at or before period end. Swaps, foreign-exchange, lease interest and amortization are not quantified. Calculation unavailable: missing inputs remain (m). |
Calculation inputs
| Input | Amount with unit | Raw financial data |
|---|---|---|
| Research and development spending | 551.00K USD | Research and Development Expense |
| Revenue | 654.23K USD | Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax |
| Stock-based compensation | (m) | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense |
| Operating income | -2.28M USD | Operating Income (Loss) |
| Interest expense · reported / estimated | (m) | · Estimated expense assumptions |
Latest interest expense basis: (m). Estimated values carry *; expand each history row’s basis for its dated balances and rate assumptions.
Calculated history
Changes compare with the next older row (previous quarter), unless explicitly labeled otherwise. Rolling 12-month growth compares two successive quarter-end rolling totals; it is not year-over-year growth.
| Period ending | Research and development spending (USD) | Revenue (USD) | Stock-based compensation (USD) | Operating income (USD) | Interest expense · reported / estimated (USD) | R&D / revenue | SBC / revenue | Interest coverage | Interest expense basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-06-30 | $551.00K | $654.23K | (m) | $-2.28M | (m) | 84.22% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2026-03-31 | $591.21K | $697.79K | (m) | $-2.42M | (m) | 84.73% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2025-12-31 | $608.73K | $1.12M | $374.88K | $-2.13M | (m) | 54.29% | 33.43% | (m) | (m) |
| 2025-09-30 | $633.90K | $1.23M | (m) | $-1.98M | (m) | 51.65% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2025-06-30 | $623.40K | $1.22M | (m) | $-1.91M | (m) | 51.00% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2025-03-31 | $583.14K | $1.58M | (m) | $-1.21M | (m) | 36.86% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2024-12-31 | $570.01K | $1.34M | $89.32K | $-1.44M | (m) | 42.68% | 6.69% | (m) | (m) |
| 2024-09-30 | $562.93K | $1.47M | (m) | $-1.32M | (m) | 38.30% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2024-06-30 | $567.00K | $1.28M | (m) | $-1.61M | (m) | 44.32% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2024-03-31 | $583.78K | $974.80K | (m) | $-2.01M | (m) | 59.89% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2023-12-31 | $583.27K | $909.60K | $144.73K | $-2.03M | (m) | 64.12% | 15.91% | (m) | (m) |
| 2023-09-30 | $594.86K | $727.26K | (m) | $-2.35M | (m) | 81.79% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2023-06-30 | $608.70K | $713.56K | (m) | $-2.32M | (m) | 85.30% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2023-03-31 | $609.52K | $614.03K | (m) | $-2.54M | (m) | 99.27% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2022-12-31 | $609.13K | $539.69K | $232.29K | $-2.63M | (m) | 112.87% | 43.04% | (m) | (m) |
| 2022-09-30 | $604.21K | $622.29K | (m) | $-2.57M | (m) | 97.09% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2022-06-30 | $590.27K | $1.20M | (m) | $-2.07M | (m) | 49.38% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2022-03-31 | $583.65K | $1.22M | (m) | $-1.86M | (m) | 47.69% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2021-12-31 | $580.00K | $1.26M | $217.01K | $-1.84M | (m) | 45.92% | 17.18% | (m) | (m) |
| 2021-09-30 | $581.81K | $1.18M | (m) | $-1.95M | (m) | 49.26% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2021-06-30 | $583.24K | $623.22K | (m) | $-2.41M | (m) | 93.58% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2021-03-31 | $590.16K | $685.40K | (m) | $-2.49M | (m) | 86.11% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2020-12-31 | $628.30K | $828.45K | $327.55K | $-2.58M | (m) | 75.84% | 39.54% | (m) | (m) |
| 2020-09-30 | $751.01K | $1.08M | (m) | $-2.97M | (m) | 69.58% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2020-06-30 | $821.73K | $1.38M | (m) | $-2.94M | (m) | 59.69% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2020-03-31 | $988.98K | $1.50M | (m) | $-3.29M | (m) | 65.86% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2019-12-31 | $1.04M | $1.56M | $841.61K | $-3.20M | (m) | 66.22% | 53.81% | (m) | (m) |
| 2019-09-30 | $954.63K | $129.53K | $356.23K | $-2.57M | (m) | 736.97% | 275.01% | (m) | (m) |
| 2019-06-30 | $937.90K | $26.39K | $356.23K | $-2.57M | (m) | 3553.61% | 1349.71% | (m) | (m) |
| 2019-03-31 | $874.75K | $50.21K | (m) | $-2.19M | (m) | 1742.14% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2018-12-31 | $863.40K | $64.82K | $69.31K | $-2.42M | (m) | 1331.94% | 106.92% | (m) | (m) |
| 2018-09-30 | $861.15K | $1.40M | (m) | $-2.44M | (m) | 61.63% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2018-06-30 | $855.80K | $1.53M | (m) | $-2.34M | (m) | 56.08% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2018-03-31 | $807.02K | $1.55M | (m) | $-2.26M | (m) | 52.09% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2017-12-31 | $799.70K | $1.51M | $76.30K | $-2.42M | (m) | 52.99% | 5.06% | (m) | (m) |
| 2017-09-30 | $855.73K | $1.51M | (m) | $-3.14M | (m) | 56.77% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2017-06-30 | $917.19K | $1.32M | (m) | $-3.40M | (m) | 69.28% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2017-03-31 | $1.22M | $1.22M | (m) | $-4.03M | (m) | 99.89% | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2016-12-31 | $1.42M | $1.24M | $67.53K | $-4.27M | (m) | 114.69% | 5.46% | (m) | (m) |
| 2016-09-30 | $1.65M | (m) | (m) | $-4.70M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2016-06-30 | $1.73M | (m) | (m) | $-4.92M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2016-03-31 | $1.56M | (m) | (m) | $-4.28M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2015-12-31 | $1.59M | (m) | $725.02K | $-4.32M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2015-09-30 | $1.59M | (m) | $800.00K | $-3.97M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2015-06-30 | $1.59M | (m) | $839.78K | $-3.84M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2015-03-31 | $1.61M | (m) | $1.04M | $-4.50M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2014-12-31 | $1.62M | (m) | $1.04M | $-4.45M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2014-09-30 | $1.87M | (m) | $1.94M | $-5.50M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2014-06-30 | $1.97M | (m) | $1.98M | $-5.68M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2014-03-31 | $2.02M | (m) | $2.06M | $-5.44M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2013-12-31 | $2.20M | (m) | $2.72M | $-5.88M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2013-09-30 | $1.89M | (m) | $1.19M | $-3.87M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2013-06-30 | $1.83M | (m) | $1.22M | $-3.87M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2013-03-31 | $1.83M | (m) | $1.13M | $-3.87M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2012-12-31 | $1.67M | (m) | $878.58K | $-3.71M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2012-09-30 | $1.55M | (m) | $794.55K | $-3.93M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2012-06-30 | $1.52M | (m) | $693.23K | $-3.87M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2012-03-31 | $1.46M | (m) | $691.74K | $-4.00M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2011-12-31 | $1.39M | (m) | $702.84K | $-4.16M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2011-09-30 | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2011-06-30 | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2011-03-31 | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2010-12-31 | $1.40M | (m) | $772.60K | $-3.89M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2010-09-30 | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2010-06-30 | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2009-12-31 | $1.55M | (m) | $445.91K | $-4.02M | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
(m) means missing inputs. Historical market-based ratios use the saved close on or immediately before period ending and that period’s reported shares; current quotes are not substituted. Five-year projections repeat historical CAGR, not analyst forecasts.
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