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TEEKAY CORPORATION LTD. (TK) Business, 2007

TEEKAY CORPORATION LTD. Business

The company's own words from the Business item of each annual report, in the filing's order. Some sections could not be read exactly.

  • 2007: Section Item 4. Information on the Company; Text The information included in Item 4 in the Original Filing, has not been updated for information or events occurring after the date of the Original Filing and has not been updated to reflect the passage of time since the date of the Original Filing.; Document 20-F/A.
  • 2007: Section Overview; Text We are a leading provider of international crude oil and petroleum product transportation services. Over the past five years, we have undergone a major transformation from being primarily an owner of ships in the cyclical spot tanker business to being a growth-oriented asset manager in the “Marine Midstream” sector. This transformation has included the expansion into the liquefied natural gas (or LNG) shipping sector through our publicly-listed subsidiary, Teekay LNG Partners L.P. (NYSE: TGP) (or Teekay LNG), and further growth of our operations in the offshore production, storage and transportation sector through our publicly-listed subsidiary, Teekay Offshore Partners L.P. (NYSE: TOO) (or Teekay Offshore) and through our acquisition of a 65% interest in Teekay Petrojarl ASA (or Petrojarl). With a fleet of over 200 vessels, offices in 16 countries and 6,400 seagoing and shore-based employees, Teekay provides comprehensive marine services to the world’s leading oil and gas companies, helping them seamlessly link their upstream energy production to their downstream processing operations. Our goal is to create the industry’s leading asset management company, focused on the Marine Midstream sector.; Document 20-F/A.
  • 2007: Section Recent Business Acquisitions; Text Acquisition of 50% of OMI Corporation; Document 20-F/A.
  • 2007: Section Public Offerings; Text Initial Public Offering by Teekay Tankers Ltd.; Document 20-F/A.

Business, as filed

The company's own words from the Business item of each annual report, verbatim and in the filing's order, split at the filing's own headings. Nothing is summarised or reworded. Tables and images are not shown; the document has them.

Fiscal yearSectionTextDocument
2007Item 4. Information on the Company

The information included in Item 4 in the Original Filing, has not been updated for information or events occurring after the date of the Original Filing and has not been updated to reflect the passage of time since the date of the Original Filing.

20-F/A
2007Overview

We are a leading provider of international crude oil and petroleum product transportation services. Over the past five years, we have undergone a major transformation from being primarily an owner of ships in the cyclical spot tanker business to being a growth-oriented asset manager in the “Marine Midstream” sector. This transformation has included the expansion into the liquefied natural gas (or LNG) shipping sector through our publicly-listed subsidiary, Teekay LNG Partners L.P. (NYSE: TGP) (or Teekay LNG), and further growth of our operations in the offshore production, storage and transportation sector through our publicly-listed subsidiary, Teekay Offshore Partners L.P. (NYSE: TOO) (or Teekay Offshore) and through our acquisition of a 65% interest in Teekay Petrojarl ASA (or Petrojarl). With a fleet of over 200 vessels, offices in 16 countries and 6,400 seagoing and shore-based employees, Teekay provides comprehensive marine services to the world’s leading oil and gas companies, helping them seamlessly link their upstream energy production to their downstream processing operations. Our goal is to create the industry’s leading asset management company, focused on the Marine Midstream sector.

Our offshore segment includes our shuttle tanker operations, floating storage and off-take (or FSO) units, and our floating production, storage and offloading (or FPSO) units, which primarily operate under long-term fixed-rate contracts. As of December 31, 2007, our shuttle tanker fleet (including orderbook), which had a total cargo capacity of approximately 5.3 million deadweight tonnes (or dwt), represented approximately 66% of the total tonnage of the world shuttle tanker fleet. Please read Item 4 — Information on the Company: Our Fleet.

Our liquefied gas segment includes our LNG and LPG carriers. All of our LNG and LPG carriers are subject to long-term, fixed-rate time-charter contracts. As of December 31, 2007, this fleet, including newbuildings, had a total cargo carrying capacity of approximately 3.0 million cubic meters. Please read Item 4 — Information on the Company: Our Fleet.

Our spot tanker segment includes our conventional crude oil tankers and product carriers operating on the spot tanker market or subject to time-charters or contracts of affreightment priced on a spot-market basis or short-term fixed-rate contracts (contracts with an initial term of less than three years). As of December 31, 2007, our Aframax tankers in this segment, which had a total cargo capacity of approximately 4.0 million dwt, represented approximately 5% of the total tonnage of the world Aframax fleet. Please read Item 4 — Information on the Company: Our Fleet.

Our fixed-rate tanker segment includes our conventional crude oil and product tankers on long-term fixed-rate time-charter contracts. Please read “Item 4 — Information on the Company: Our Fleet”.

The Teekay organization was founded in 1973. We are incorporated under the laws of the Republic of The Marshall Islands as Teekay Corporation and maintain our principal executive headquarters at 4th floor, Belvedere Building, 69 Pitts Bay Road, Hamilton, HM 08, Bermuda. Our telephone number at such address is (441) 298-2530. Our principal operating office is located at Suite 2000, Bentall 5, 550 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 2K2. Our telephone number at such address is (604) 683-3529.

20-F/A
2007Recent Business Acquisitions

Acquisition of 50% of OMI Corporation

On June 8, 2007, we and A/S Dampskibsselskabet TORM (or TORM) acquired, through a jointly owned subsidiary, all of the outstanding shares of OMI Corporation (or OMI). Our 50% share of the acquisition price was approximately $1.1 billion, including approximately $0.2 billion of assumed indebtedness. We funded our portion of the acquisition with a combination of cash and borrowings under existing revolving credit facilities and a new $700 million credit facility.

OMI was an international owner and operator of tankers, with a total fleet of approximately 3.5 million dwt and comprised of 13 Suezmax tankers (seven of which it owned and six of which were chartered-in) and 32 product tankers, 28 of which it owned and four of which were chartered-in. In addition, OMI had two product tankers under construction, which are scheduled for delivery in 2009.

We and TORM divided most of OMI’s assets equally between the two companies in August 2007. We acquired seven Suezmax tankers, three Medium-Range product tankers and three Handysize product tankers. We also assumed OMI’s in-charters of an additional six Suezmax tankers and OMI’s third-party asset management business (principally the Gemini pool). We and TORM will continue to hold two Medium-Range product tankers jointly in OMI, as well as two Handysize product tanker newbuildings scheduled to deliver in 2009. The parties intend to divide these remaining assets equally in due course.

Acquisition of Petrojarl ASA

During 2006, we acquired 64.5% of the outstanding shares of Petrojarl ASA (or Petrojarl), which is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange, for $536.8 million. Petrojarl is a leading independent operator of FPSO units. On December 1, 2006, we renamed Petrojarl Teekay Petrojarl ASA. We financed our acquisition of Petrojarl through a combination of bank financing and cash balances.

Petrojarl, based in Trondheim, Norway, has a fleet of four owned FPSO units operating under long-term service contracts in the North Sea. To service these contracts, Petrojarl also charters-in two shuttle tankers and one FSO unit from us. We believe that the combination of Petrojarl’s offshore engineering expertise and reputation as a quality operator of FPSOs, together with Teekay’s global marine operations and extensive customer network, positions us to competitively pursue new FPSO projects.

20-F/A
2007Public Offerings

Initial Public Offering by Teekay Tankers Ltd.

On December 18, 2007, our subsidiary Teekay Tankers Ltd. (NYSE: TNK) (or Teekay Tankers), completed its initial public offering of 11.5 million shares of its Class A common stock at a price of $19.50 per share for net proceeds of approximately $208.0 million. The 11.5 million shares of Class A common stock represent a 46% ownership interest in Teekay Tankers. We own the remaining capital stock of Teekay Tankers, including Teekay Tankers’ outstanding shares of Class B common stock, which entitle the holders to five votes per share, subject to a 49% aggregate Class B Common Stock voting power maximum. Teekay Tankers owns nine Aframax tankers, which it acquired from Teekay upon the closing of the initial public offering, and is expected to grow through the acquisition of crude oil and product tanker assets from third parties and from us. Please read Item 18 — Financial Statements: Note 5 — Public Offerings.

Initial Public Offering by Teekay Offshore Partners L.P.

On December 19, 2006, our subsidiary Teekay Offshore Partners L.P. (NYSE: TOO) (or Teekay Offshore) sold as part of its initial public offering 8.1 million of its common units, representing limited partner interests, at $21.00 per unit for net proceeds of $155.3 million. Teekay Offshore owns 26% of Teekay Offshore Operating L.P. (or OPCO), including its 0.01% general partner interest. OPCO owns and operates a fleet of 36 of our shuttle tankers (including 12 chartered-in vessels), four of our FSO vessels, and nine of our conventional Aframax tankers. In addition, Teekay Offshore has direct ownership interests in two of our shuttle tankers and one of our FSOs. We directly own 74% of OPCO and 59.8% of Teekay Offshore, including its 2% general partner interest. As a result, we effectively own 89.5% of OPCO. Please read Item 18 — Financial Statements: Note 5 — Public Offerings.

Public Offerings by Teekay LNG Partners L.P.

On May 10, 2005, our subsidiary Teekay LNG Partners L.P. (NYSE: TGP) (or Teekay LNG) sold as part of an initial public offering 6.9 million of its common units at $22.00 per unit for net proceeds of $135.7 million. In November 2005, Teekay LNG completed a follow-on public offering of 4.6 million common units at a price of $27.40 per unit, for net proceeds of $120.0 million. During May 2007, Teekay LNG Partners L.P. completed a follow-on public offering of an additional 2.3 million of its common units at a price of $38.13 per unit, for net proceeds of $84.2 million. We own a 67.8% interest in Teekay LNG, including its 2% general partner interest. Please read Item 18 - Financial Statements: Note 5 — Public Offerings.

20-F/A
2007B. Operations

Our organization is divided into the following key areas: the offshore segment (or Teekay Navion Shuttle Tankers and Offshore and Petrojarl), the liquefied gas segment (or Teekay Gas Services), the spot tanker segment and fixed-rate tanker segment (collectively Teekay Tanker Services). These centers of expertise work closely with customers to ensure a thorough understanding of our customers’ requirements and to develop tailored solutions.

• Teekay Navion Shuttle Tankers and Offshore and Petrojarl provides marine transportation, processing and storage services to the offshore oil industry, including shuttle tanker, FSO and FPSO services. Our expertise and partnerships allow us to create solutions for customers producing crude oil from offshore installations.

• Teekay Gas Services provides gas transportation services, primarily under long-term fixed-rate contracts to major energy and utility companies. These services currently include the transportation of LNG and LPG.

• Teekay Tanker Services is responsible for the commercial management of our conventional crude oil and product tanker transportation services. We offer a full range of shipping solutions through our worldwide network of commercial offices.

20-F/A
2007Offshore Segment

The main services our offshore segment provides to customers are:

• offloading and transportation of cargo from oil field installations to onshore terminals via dynamically positioned, offshore loading shuttle tankers;

• floating storage for oil field installations via FSO units; and

• floating production, processing and storage services via FPSO units.

Shuttle Tankers

A shuttle tanker is a specialized ship designed to transport crude oil and condensates from offshore oil field installations to onshore terminals and refineries. Shuttle tankers are equipped with sophisticated loading systems and dynamic positioning systems that allow the vessels to load cargo safely and reliably from oil field installations, even in harsh weather conditions. Shuttle tankers were developed in the North Sea as an alternative to pipelines. The first cargo from an offshore field in the North Sea was shipped in 1977, and the first dynamically positioned shuttle tankers were introduced in the early 1980s. Shuttle tankers are often described as “floating pipelines” because these vessels typically shuttle oil from offshore installations to onshore facilities in much the same way a pipeline would transport oil along the ocean floor.

Our shuttle tankers are primarily subject to long-term, fixed-rate time-charter contracts or bareboat charter contracts for a specific offshore oil field, where a vessel is hired for a fixed period of time, or under contracts of affreightment for various fields, where we commit to be available to transport the quantity of cargo requested by the customer from time to time over a specified trade route within a given period of time. The number of voyages performed under these contracts of affreightment normally depends upon the oil production of each field. Competition for charters is based primarily upon price, availability, the size, technical sophistication, age and condition of the vessel and the reputation of the vessel’s manager. Technical sophistication of the vessel is especially important in harsh operating environments such as the North Sea. Although the size of the world shuttle tanker fleet has been relatively unchanged in recent years, conventional tankers can be converted into shuttle tankers by adding specialized equipment to meet customer requirements. Shuttle tanker demand may also be affected by the possible substitution of sub-sea pipelines to transport oil from offshore production platforms.

As of December 31, 2007, there were approximately 74 vessels in the world shuttle tanker fleet (including newbuildings), the majority of which operate in the North Sea. Shuttle tankers also operate in Brazil, Canada, Russia, Australia and Africa. As of December 31, 2007, we owned 27 shuttle tankers and chartered-in an additional 13 shuttle tankers. Other shuttle tanker owners in the North Sea include Knutsen OAS Shipping AS, JJ Ugland Group and Penny Ugland, which as of December 31, 2007 controlled small fleets of 2 to 10 shuttle tankers each. We believe that we have significant competitive advantages in the shuttle tanker market as a result of the quality, type and dimensions of our vessels combined with our market share in the North Sea.

FSO Units

FSO units provide on-site storage for oil field installations that have no storage facilities or that require supplemental storage. An FSO unit is generally used in combination with a jacked-up fixed production system, floating production systems that do not have sufficient storage facilities or as supplemental storage for fixed platform systems, which generally have some on-board storage capacity. An FSO unit is usually of similar design to a conventional tanker, but has specialized loading and offtake systems required by field operators or regulators. FSO units are moored to the seabed at a safe distance from a field installation and receive the cargo from the production facility via a dedicated loading system. An FSO unit is also equipped with an export system that transfers cargo to shuttle or conventional tankers. Depending on the selected mooring arrangement and where they are located, FSO units may or may not have any propulsion systems. FSO units are usually conversions of older single-hull conventional oil tankers. These conversions, which include installation of a loading and offtake system and hull refurbishment, can generally extend the lifespan of a vessel as an FSO unit by up to 20 years over the normal conventional tanker lifespan of 25 years.

Our FSO units are generally placed on long-term, fixed-rate time-charters or bareboat charters as an integrated part of the field development plan, which provides more stable cash flow to us. Under a bareboat charter, the customer pays a fixed daily rate for a fixed period of time for the full use of the vessel and is responsible for all crewing, management and navigation of the vessel and related expenses.

As of December 2007, there were approximately 86 FSO units operating and 10 FSO units on order in the world fleet. As at December 31, 2007, we had 5 FSO units. The major markets for FSO units are Asia, the Middle East, West Africa, South America and the North Sea. Our primary competitors in the FSO market are conventional tanker owners, who have access to tankers available for conversion, and oil field services companies and oil field engineering and construction companies who compete in the floating production system market. Competition in the FSO market is primarily based on price, expertise in FSO operations, management of FSO conversions and relationships with shipyards, as well as the ability to access vessels for conversion that meet customer specifications.

FPSO Units

FPSO units are offshore production facilities that are typically ship-shaped and store processed crude oil in tanks located in the hull of the vessel. FPSO units are typically used as production facilities to develop marginal oil fields or deepwater areas remote from existing pipeline infrastructure. Of four major types of floating production systems, FPSO units are the most common type. Typically, the other types of floating production systems do not have significant storage and need to be connected into a pipeline system or use an FSO unit for storage. FPSO units are less weight-sensitive than other types of floating production systems and their extensive deck area provides flexibility in process plant layouts. In addition, the ability to utilize surplus or aging tanker hulls for conversion to an FPSO unit provides a relatively inexpensive solution compared to the new construction of other floating production systems. A majority of the cost of an FPSO comes from its top-side production equipment and thus FPSO units are expensive relative to conventional tankers. An FPSO unit carries on-board all the necessary production and processing facilities normally associated with a fixed production platform. As the name suggests, FPSOs are not fixed permanently to the seabed but are designed to be moored at one location for long periods of time. In a typical FPSO unit installation, the untreated wellstream is brought to the surface via subsea equipment on the sea floor that is connected to the FPSO unit by flexible flow lines called risers. The risers carry oil, gas and water from the ocean floor to the vessel, which processes it onboard. The resulting crude oil is stored in the hull of the vessel and subsequently transferred to tankers either via a buoy or tandem loading system for transport to shore.

Traditionally for large field developments, the major oil companies have owned and operated new, custom-built FPSO units. FPSO units for smaller fields have generally been provided by independent FPSO contractors under life-of-field production contracts, where the contract’s duration is for the useful life of the oil field. FPSO units have been used to develop offshore fields around the world since the late 1970s. As of December 2007 there were approximately 131 FPSO units operating and 46 FPSO units on order in the world fleet. At December 31, 2007, we had five FPSO units, including one on order. Most independent FPSO contractors have backgrounds in marine energy transportation, oil field services or oil field engineering and construction. The major independent FPSO contractors are SBM Offshore, Modec, Prosafe, BW Offshore, Sevan Marine, Bluewater and Maersk.

During 2007, approximately 47% of our net revenues were earned by the vessels in our offshore segment, compared to approximately 39% in 2006 and 32% in 2005. Please read Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects: Results of Operations.

20-F/A
2007Liquefied Gas Segment

The vessels in our liquefied gas segment compete in the LNG and LPG markets. LNG carriers are usually chartered to carry LNG pursuant to time-charter contracts with durations between 20 and 25 years, and with charter rates payable to the owner on a monthly basis. LNG shipping historically has been transacted with these long-term, fixed-rate time-charter contracts. LNG projects require significant capital expenditures and typically involve an integrated chain of dedicated facilities and cooperative activities. Accordingly, the overall success of an LNG project depends heavily on long-range planning and coordination of project activities, including marine transportation. Although most shipping requirements for new LNG projects continue to be provided on a long-term basis, spot voyages (typically consisting of a single voyage) and short-term time-charters of less than 12 months duration have continued to grow in the last 15 years from 1% of the market in 1992 to approximately 13% in 2006.

In the LNG markets, we compete principally with other private and state-controlled energy and utilities companies, which generally operate captive fleets, and independent ship owners and operators. Many major energy companies compete directly with independent owners by transporting LNG for third parties in addition to their own LNG. Given the complex, long-term nature of LNG projects, major energy companies historically have transported LNG through their captive fleets. However, independent fleet operators have been obtaining an increasing percentage of charters for new or expanded LNG projects as major energy companies have continued to divest non-core businesses. The major operators of LNG carriers are Malaysian International Shipping, NYK Line, Qatar Gas Transport (Nakilat), Shell Group and Mitsui O.S.K.

LNG carriers transport LNG internationally between liquefaction facilities and import terminals. After natural gas is transported by pipeline from production fields to a liquefaction facility, it is supercooled to a temperature of approximately negative 260 degrees Fahrenheit. This process reduces its volume to approximately 1 / 600th of its volume in a gaseous state. The reduced volume facilitates economical storage and transportation by ship over long distances, enabling countries with limited natural gas reserves or limited access to long-distance transmission pipelines to meet their demand for natural gas. LNG carriers include a sophisticated containment system that holds and insulates the LNG so it maintains its liquid form. The LNG is transported overseas in specially built tanks on double-hulled ships to a receiving terminal, where it is offloaded and stored in heavily insulated tanks. In regasification facilities at the receiving terminal, the LNG is returned to its gaseous state (or regasified) and then shipped by pipeline for distribution to natural gas customers.

LPG carriers are mainly chartered to carry LPG on time charters of three to five years, on contracts of affreightment or spot voyage charters. The two largest consumers of LPG are residential users and the petrochemical industry. Residential users, particularly in developing regions where electricity and gas pipelines are not developed, do not have fuel switching alternatives and generally are not LPG price sensitive. The petrochemical industry, however, has the ability to switch between LPG and other feedstock fuels depending on price and availability of alternatives.

Most new LNG carriers, including all of our vessels, are being built with a membrane containment system. These systems consist of insulation between thin primary and secondary barriers and are designed to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction without overstressing the membrane. New LNG carriers are generally expected to have a lifespan of approximately 40 years. New LPG carriers are generally expected to have a lifespan of approximately 30 to 35 years. Unlike the oil tanker industry, there are currently no regulations that require the phase-out from trading of LNG and LPG carriers after they reach a certain age. As at December 31, 2007, there were approximately 254 vessels in the world LNG fleet, with an average age of approximately 12 years, and an additional 136 LNG carriers under construction or on order for delivery through 2011. As of December 31, 2007, the worldwide LPG tanker fleet consisted of approximately 1,075 vessels with an average age of approximately 18 years and approximately 200 additional LPG vessels were on order for delivery through 2011. LPG carriers range in size from approximately 500 to approximately 70,000 cubic meters (or cbm). Approximately 60% of the worldwide fleet is less than 5,000 cbm.

Our liquefied gas segment primarily consists of LNG and LPG carriers subject to long-term, fixed-rate time-charter contracts. As at December 31, 2007, we had nine LNG carriers and an additional ten newbuilding LNG carriers on order, all of which were scheduled to commence operations upon delivery under long-term fixed-rate time-charters and in which our interests range from 33% to 70%. In addition, as at December 31, 2007, we had four LPG carriers, including three under construction.

During 2007, approximately 9% of our net revenues were earned by the vessels in our liquefied gas segment, compared to approximately 7% in 2006 and 2005. Please read Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects: Results of Operations.

20-F/A
2007Spot Tanker Segment

The vessels in our spot tanker segment compete primarily in the Aframax and Suezmax tanker markets. In these markets, international seaborne oil and other petroleum products transportation services are provided by two main types of operators: captive fleets of major oil companies (both private and state-owned) and independent ship-owner fleets. Many major oil companies and other oil trading companies, the primary charterers of our vessels, also operate their own vessels and transport their own oil and oil for third-party charterers in direct competition with independent owners and operators. Competition for charters in the Aframax and Suezmax spot charter market is intense and is based upon price, location, the size, age, condition and acceptability of the vessel, and the reputation of the vessel’s manager.

We compete principally with other owners in the spot-charter market through the global tanker charter market. This market is comprised of tanker broker companies that represent both charterers and ship-owners in chartering transactions. Within this market, some transactions, referred to as “market cargoes,” are offered by charterers through two or more brokers simultaneously and shown to the widest possible range of owners; other transactions, referred to as “private cargoes,” are given by the charterer to only one broker and shown selectively to a limited number of owners whose tankers are most likely to be acceptable to the charterer and are in position to undertake the voyage.

Certain of our vessels in the spot tanker segment operate pursuant to pooling arrangements. Under a pooling arrangement, different vessel owners pool their vessels, which are managed by a pool manager, to improve utilization and reduce expenses. In general, revenues generated by the vessels operating in a pool, less related voyage expenses (such as fuel and port charges) and pool administrative expenses, are pooled and allocated to the vessel owners according to a pre-determined formula. As of March 1, 2008, we participated in three main pooling arrangements. These include an Aframax tanker pool, a Suezmax tanker pool (the Gemini Pool) and an intermediate product tanker pool (the Swift Tanker Pool). As of March 1, 2008, 42 of our Aframax tankers operated in the Aframax tanker pool, 9 of our Suezmax tankers operated in the Gemini Pool and 10 of our product tankers operated in the Swift Tanker Pool. Each of these pools is either solely or jointly managed by us.

Our competition in the Aframax (80,000 to 119,999 dwt) market is also affected by the availability of other size vessels that compete in that market. Suezmax (120,000 to 199,999 dwt) vessels and Panamax (55,000 to 79,999 dwt) vessels can compete for many of the same charters for which our Aframax tankers compete. Similarly, Aframax tankers and Very Large Crude Carriers (200,000 to 319,999 dwt) (or VLCCs) can compete for many of the same charters for which our Suezmax vessels compete. Because VLCCs comprise a substantial portion of the total capacity of the market, movements by such vessels into Suezmax trades or of Suezmax vessels into Aframax trades would heighten the already intense competition.

We believe that we have competitive advantages in the Aframax and Suezmax tanker market as a result of the quality, type and dimensions of our vessels and our market share in the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Basins. As of December 31, 2007, our Aframax tanker fleet (excluding Aframax-size shuttle tankers and newbuildings) had an average age of approximately 8.1 years and our Suezmax tanker fleet (excluding Suezmax-size shuttle tankers and newbuildings) had an average age of approximately 4.9 years. This compares to an average age for the world oil tanker fleet of approximately 9.4 years, for the world Aframax tanker fleet of approximately 9.5 years and for the world Suezmax tanker fleet of approximately 8.9 years.

As of December 31, 2007, other large operators of Aframax tonnage (including newbuildings on order) included Malaysian International Shipping Corporation (approximately 68 Aframax vessels), Aframax International Pool (approximately 43 Aframax vessels), Sovcomflot (approximately 40 vessels), Tanker Pacific Management (approximately 22 vessels), Cido Shipping (approximately 21 vessels), Minerva Marine (approximately 20 vessels), and Sigma Pool (approximately 20 vessels). Other large operators of Suezmax tonnage (including newbuildings on order) included Frontline (approximately 25 vessels), Sovcomflot (approximately 24 vessels), Euronav (approximately 16 vessels) and Marmaras Navigation (approximately 16 vessels).

We have chartering staff located in Stavanger, Norway; Tokyo, Japan; London, England; Houston, Texas; and Singapore. Each office serves our clients headquartered in that office’s region. Fleet operations, vessel positions and charter market rates are monitored around the clock. We believe that monitoring such information is critical to making informed bids on competitive brokered business.

During 2007, approximately 34% of our net revenues were earned by the vessels in our spot tanker segment, compared to approximately 42% in 2006 and 50% in 2005. Please read Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects: Results of Operations.

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2007Fixed-Rate Tanker Segment

The vessels in our fixed-rate tanker segment primarily consist of Aframax and Suezmax tankers that are employed on long-term time-charters. We consider contracts that have an original term of less than three years in duration to be short term. The only difference between the vessels in the spot tanker segment and the fixed-rate tanker segment is the duration of the contracts under which they are employed. Charters of more than three years are not as common as short-term charters and voyage charters for conventional tankers. During 2007, approximately 10% of our net revenues were earned by the vessels in the fixed-rate tanker segment, compared to approximately 12% in 2006 and 11% in 2005. Please read Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects: Results of Operations.

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2007Our Fleet

As at December 31, 2007, our fleet (excluding vessels managed for third parties) consisted of 193 vessels, including chartered-in vessels, newbuildings on order, and vessels being converted to offshore units. The following table summarizes our fleet as at December 31, 2007:

Number of Vessels Owned Chartered-in Newbuildings Vessels Vessels /Conversions Total Offshore Segment Shuttle Tankers 27 (1) 13 (2) 4 44 FSO Units 5 (3) — — 5 FPSO Units 4 (4) — 1 (5) 5 Total Offshore Segment 36 13 5 54 Fixed-Rate Tanker Segment Conventional Tankers 15 (6) 6 2 23 Total Fixed-Rate Tanker Segment 15 6 2 23 Liquefied Gas Segment LNG Carriers 9 (7) — 10 (8) 19 LPG Carriers 1 (9) — 3 (9) 4 Total Liquefied Gas Segment 10 — 13 23 Spot Tanker Segment Suezmax Tankers 6 (10) 9 10 25 Aframax Tankers 20 (11) 16 — 36 Large Product Tankers 14 (12) 7 1 22 Small Product Tankers — 10 — 10 Total Spot Tanker Segment 40 42 11 93 Total 101 61 31 193

The following footnotes indicate the vessels in the table above that are owned or chartered-in by non-wholly owned subsidiaries of Teekay Corporation or have been or will be offered to Teekay LNG, Teekay Offshore or Teekay Tankers.

(1) Includes 24 vessels owned by OPCO (including five through 50% controlled joint ventures), two vessels owned by Teekay Offshore (including one through a 50% controlled joint venture), and one owned by Petrojarl. (2) Includes 12 vessels chartered-in by OPCO. (3) Includes four FSO units owned by OPCO (including one through 89% joint venture) and one FSO unit owned by Teekay Offshore. (4) Includes four FPSOs owned by Petrojarl. (5) Includes one vessel being converted to an FPSO by a 50/50 joint venture between Teekay and Petrojarl. (6) Includes eight vessels owned by Teekay LNG and one vessel owned by Teekay Tankers. (7) Includes seven LNG carriers owned by Teekay LNG. Teekay LNG has agreed to acquire Teekay’s 100% interest in the remaining two vessels. (8) Includes Teekay’s 70% interest in two LNG newbuildings and its 40% interest in four LNG. Teekay LNG has agreed to acquire these six vessels upon their delivery. Includes Teekay’s 33% interest in four LNG newbuildings. Teekay is required to offer these vessels to Teekay LNG. (9) All vessels owned by Teekay LNG. (10) Includes four Suezmax tankers that Teekay is required to offer Teekay Tankers. (11) Includes nine vessels owned by Teekay Offshore, all of which are chartered to Teekay and seven vessels owned by Teekay Tankers. (12) Includes one product tanker owned by Teekay Tankers.

Our vessels are of Australian, Bahamian, Cayman Islands, Liberian, Marshall Islands, Norwegian, Norwegian International Ship, Russian and Spanish registry.

Many of our Aframax and Suezmax vessels and some of our shuttle tankers have been designed and constructed as substantially identical sister ships. These vessels can, in many situations, be interchanged, providing scheduling flexibility and greater capacity utilization. In addition, spare parts and technical knowledge can be applied to all the vessels in the particular series, thereby generating operating efficiencies.

As of December 31, 2007, we had 31 vessels under construction or undergoing conversion to FPSOs. Please read Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Item 18 — Financial Statements: Notes 16(a), 16(b), and 16(c) — Commitments and Contingencies — Vessels Under Construction, Vessel Purchases and Joint Ventures.

Please read Item 18 — Financial Statements: Note 8 — Long-Term Debt for information with respect to major encumbrances against our vessels.

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2007Safety, Management of Ship Operations and Administration

Safety and environmental compliance are our top operational priorities. We operate our vessels in a manner intended to protect the safety and health of our employees, the general public and the environment. We seek to manage the risks inherent in our business and are committed to eliminating incidents that threaten the safety and integrity of our vessels, such as groundings, fires, collisions and petroleum spills. In 2007 we introduced a behavior-based safety program called “Safety in Action” to further enhance the safety culture in our fleet. We are also committed to reducing our emissions and waste generation.

Customers and vessel rating services have recognized us for safety, environmental awareness, quality and service. Given the emphasis by customers on quality as a result of stringent environmental regulations, and heightened concerns about liability for environmental pollution, we believe that our emphasis on quality and safety provides us with a favorable competitive profile. We are one of a few companies that have fully integrated their health, safety, environment and quality management systems. This integration has increased efficiencies in our operations and management by reducing redundancies and better aligning our strategies and programs in the relevant systems.

We have achieved certification under the standards reflected in International Standards Organization’s (or ISO) 9001 for Quality Assurance, ISO 14001 for Environment Management Systems, Occupational Health and Safety Advisory Services 18001 for Occupational Health and Safety, and the IMO’s International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and Pollution Prevention on a fully integrated basis. As part of International Safety Management (or ISM) Code compliance, all of our vessels’ safety management certificates are maintained through ongoing internal audits performed by our certified internal auditors and intermediate external audits performed by the classification society Det Norske Veritas. Subject to satisfactory completion of these internal and external audits, certification is valid for five years.

In our various worldwide facilities we carry out the critical ship management functions of vessel maintenance, crewing, purchasing, shipyard supervision, insurance and financial management services for most of our fleet. These functions are supported by onboard and onshore systems for maintenance, inventory, purchasing and budget management. OSM Ship Management AS (or OSM), a company which is unrelated to us, provides ship management services for three of our conventional tankers. OSM is under contract to provide these services to us until October 2008.

We establish key performance indicators to facilitate regular monitoring of our operational performance. We set targets on an annual basis to drive continuous improvement, and we review performance indicators monthly to determine if remedial action is necessary to reach our targets. We are participants in a purchasing alliance with two other shipping companies and named it Teekay Bergesen Worldwide. This alliance leverages the purchasing power of the combined fleets, mainly in such commodity areas as lube oils, paints and other chemicals.

We believe that the generally uniform design of some of our existing and newbuilding vessels and the adoption of common equipment standards provide operational efficiencies, including with respect to crew training and vessel management, equipment operation and repair and spare parts ordering.

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2007Risk of Loss and Insurance

The operation of any ocean-going vessel carries an inherent risk of catastrophic marine disasters, death or injury of persons and property losses caused by adverse weather conditions, mechanical failures, human error, war, terrorism, piracy and other circumstances or events. In addition, the transportation of crude oil and LNG is subject to the risk of spills and to business interruptions due to political circumstances in foreign countries, hostilities, labor strikes and boycotts. The occurrence of any of these events may result in loss of revenues or increased costs.

We carry hull and machinery (marine and war risks) and protection and indemnity insurance coverage to protect against most of the accident-related risks involved in the conduct of our business. Hull and machinery insurance covers loss of or damage to a vessel due to marine perils such as collisions, grounding and weather. Protection and indemnity insurance indemnifies us against liabilities incurred while operating vessels, including injury to our crew or third parties, cargo loss and pollution. The current available amount of our coverage for pollution is $1 billion per vessel per incident. Insurance policies also cover war risks (including piracy and terrorism). We do not generally carry insurance on our vessels covering the loss of revenues resulting from vessel off-hire time based on its cost compared to our off-hire experience. We believe that our current insurance coverage is adequate to protect against most of the accident-related risks involved in the conduct of our business and that we maintain appropriate levels of environmental damage and pollution insurance coverage. However, we cannot assure that all covered risks are adequately insured against, that any particular claim will be paid or that we will be able to procure adequate insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates in the future. In addition, more stringent environmental regulations have resulted in increased costs for, and may result in the lack of availability of, insurance against risks of environmental damage or pollution.

We use in our operations a thorough risk management program that includes, among other things, computer-aided risk analysis tools, maintenance and assessment programs, a seafarers’ competence training program, seafarers’ workshops and membership in emergency response organizations.

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2007Operations Outside the United States

Because our operations are primarily conducted outside of the United States, we are affected by currency fluctuations and by changing economic, political and governmental conditions in the countries where we engage in business or where our vessels are registered.

During 2007, we derived approximately 17% of our total net revenues from our operations in the Indo-Pacific Basin, compared to approximately 18% during 2006. Past political conflicts in that region, particularly in the Arabian Gulf, have included attacks on tankers, mining of waterways and other efforts to disrupt shipping in the area. Vessels trading in the region have also been subject to, in limited instances, acts of piracy. In addition to tankers, targets of terrorist attacks could include oil pipelines, LNG facilities and offshore oil fields. The escalation of existing, or the outbreak of future, hostilities or other political instability in this region or other regions where we operate could affect our trade patterns, increase insurance costs, increase tanker operational costs and otherwise adversely affect our operations and performance. In addition, tariffs, trade embargoes, and other economic sanctions by the United States or other countries against countries in the Indo-Pacific Basin or elsewhere as a result of terrorist attacks or otherwise may limit trading activities with those countries, which could also adversely affect our operations and performance.

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2007Customers

We have derived, and believe that we will continue to derive, a significant portion of our revenues from a limited number of customers. Our customers include major energy and utility companies, major oil traders, large oil and LNG consumers and petroleum product producers, government agencies, and various other entities that depend upon marine transportation. One customer, an international oil company, accounted for 20% ($472.3 million) of our consolidated revenues during 2007 (15% or $307.9 million — 2006 and 20% or $392.2 million — 2005). No other customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenues during 2007, 2006 or 2005. The loss of any significant customer or a substantial decline in the amount of services requested by a significant customer could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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2007Classification, Audits and Inspections

The hull and machinery of all of our vessels have been “classed” by one of the major classification societies: Det Norske Veritas, Lloyd’s Register of Shipping, Nippon Kaiji Kyokai or American Bureau of Shipping. In addition, the processing facilities of our FPSOs are “classed” by Det Norske Veritias. The classification society certifies that the vessel has been built and maintained in accordance with the rules of that classification society. Each vessel is inspected by a classification society surveyor annually, with either the second or third annual inspection being a more detailed survey (an Intermediate Survey) and the fourth or fifth annual inspection being the most comprehensive survey (a Special Survey). The inspection cycle resumes after each Special Survey. Vessels also may be required to be drydocked at each Intermediate and Special Survey for inspection of the underwater parts of the vessel in addition to a more detailed inspection of hull and machinery. Many of our vessels have qualified with their respective classification societies for drydocking every four or five years in connection with the Special Survey and are no longer subject to drydocking at Intermediate Surveys. To qualify, we were required to enhance the resiliency of the underwater coatings of each vessel hull to accommodate underwater inspections by divers.

The vessel’s flag state, or the vessel’s classification society if nominated by the flag state, also inspect our vessels to ensure they comply with applicable rules and regulations of the country of registry of the vessel and the international conventions of which that country is a signatory. Port state authorities, such as the U.S. Coast Guard and the Australian Maritime Safety Authority, also inspect our vessels when they visit their ports.

Many of our customers also regularly inspect our vessels as a condition to chartering, and regular inspections are standard practice under long-term charters.

We believe that our relatively new, well-maintained and high-quality vessels provide us with a competitive advantage in the current environment of increasing regulation and customer emphasis on quality of service.

Our vessels are also regularly inspected by our seafaring staff, who perform much of the necessary routine maintenance. Shore-based operational and technical specialists also inspect our vessels at least twice a year. Upon completion of each inspection, action plans are developed to address any items requiring improvement. All action plans are monitored until they are completed. The objectives of these inspections are to ensure:

• adherence to our operating standards;

• the structural integrity of the vessel is being maintained;

• machinery and equipment is being maintained to give full reliability in service;

• we are optimizing performance in terms of speed and fuel consumption; and

• the vessel’s appearance will support our brand and meet customer expectations.

To achieve the vessel structural integrity objective, we use a comprehensive “Structural Integrity Management System” we developed. This system is designed to closely monitor the condition of our vessels and to ensure that structural strength and integrity are maintained throughout a vessel’s life.

We have obtained approval for our safety management system as being in compliance with the ISM Code. Our safety management system has also been certified as being compliant with ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OSHAS 18001 standards. To maintain compliance, the system is audited regularly by either the vessels’ flag state or, when nominated by the flag state, a classification society. Certification is valid for five years subject to satisfactorily completing internal and external audits.

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2007Organizational Structure

Our organizational structure includes, among others, our interests in Teekay Offshore and Teekay LNG. These limited partnerships were set up primarily to hold our assets that generate long-term fixed-rate cash flows. The strategic rationale for establishing these entities was to:

• illuminate higher value of fixed-rate cash flows to Teekay investors;

• realize advantages of a lower cost of equity when investing in new offshore or LNG projects; and

• enhance returns to Teekay through fee-based revenue and ownership of the limited partnership’s incentive distribution rights, which entitle the holder to disproportionate distributions of available cash as cash distribution levels to unitholders increase.

The following chart provides an overview of our organizational structure as at December 31, 2007. Please read Exhibit 8.1 to this Annual Report for a list of our significant subsidiaries as at December 31, 2007.

(1) Partnership is controlled by the General Partner. Teekay Corporation has a 100% beneficial ownership in the General Partner. However in certain limited cases, approval of a majority of the common unit holders is required to approve certain actions. (2) Proportion of voting power held is 53%. (3) Including our 64.5% interest in Teekay Petrojarl.

Teekay Offshore is a Marshall Islands limited partnership formed by us in 2006 as part of our strategy to expand our operations in the offshore oil marine transportation, processing and storage sectors. Teekay Offshore owns 26% of OPCO, including its 0.01% general partner interest. OPCO owns and operates a fleet of 36 of our shuttle tankers (including 12 chartered-in vessels), four of our FSO vessels, and nine of our conventional Aframax tankers. In addition, Teekay Offshore has direct ownership interests in two of our shuttle tankers and one of our FSOs. All of OPCO’s vessels operate under long-term, fixed-rate contracts. We directly own 74% of OPCO and 59.8% of Teekay Offshore, including its 2% general partner interest. As a result, we effectively own 89.5% of OPCO. Teekay Offshore also has rights to participate in certain FPSO opportunities relating to Petrojarl.

Teekay LNG is a Marshall Islands limited partnership formed by us in 2005 as part of our strategy to expand our operations in the LNG shipping sector. Teekay LNG provides LNG and crude oil marine transportation service under long-term, fixed-rate contracts with major energy and utility companies through its fleet of 13 LNG carriers (including six newbuildings) and eight Suezmax tankers. In April 2008, Teekay sold two 1993-built LNG vessels to Teekay LNG and chartered them back for ten years with three five-year option periods.

In December 2007, we added Teekay Tankers to our structure. Teekay Tankers is a Marshall Islands corporation formed by us to facilitate the growth of our conventional tanker business. Teekay Tankers owns a fleet of nine of our double-hull Aframax tankers, which trade in the spot tanker market and short- or medium-term, fixed-rate time-charter market. Teekay Tanker’s primary objective is to grow through the acquisition of conventional tanker assets from third parties and from us. We will offer to Teekay Tankers by July 2009 the opportunity to purchase up to four Suezmax-class oil tankers, of which two were acquired by Teekay Tankers in April 2008. Through a wholly-owned subsidiary, we provide Teekay Tankers with commercial, technical, administrative, and strategic services under a long-term management agreement. In exchange, Teekay Tankers has agreed to pay us both a market-based fee and a performance fee under certain circumstances in which we increase Teekay Tankers’ cash available for distribution to its stockholders.

Teekay has entered into an omnibus agreement with Teekay LNG, Teekay Offshore and related parties governing, among other things, when Teekay, Teekay LNG, and Teekay Offshore may compete with each other and certain rights of first offer on LNG carriers, oil tankers, shuttle tankers, FSO units and FPSO units. In addition, under a contribution, conveyance and assumption agreement between Teekay and Teekay Tankers, we may pursue business opportunities attractive to both parties.

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2007C. Regulations

Our business and the operation of our vessels are significantly affected by international conventions and national, state and local laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which our vessels operate, as well as in the country or countries of their registration. Because these conventions, laws and regulations change frequently, we cannot predict the ultimate cost of compliance or their impact on the resale price or useful life of our vessels. Additional conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted that could limit our ability to do business or increase the cost of our doing business and that may materially adversely affect our operations. We are required by various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to obtain permits, licenses and certificates with respect to our operations. Subject to the discussion below, we believe that we will be able to continue to obtain all permits, licenses and certificates material to the conduct of our operations.

We believe that the heightened environmental and quality concerns of insurance underwriters, regulators and charterers will generally lead to greater inspection and safety requirements on all vessels in the oil tanker and LNG and LPG carrier markets and will accelerate the scrapping of older vessels throughout these markets.

Regulation—International Maritime Organization (or IMO). The IMO is the United Nations’ agency for maritime safety. IMO regulations relating to pollution prevention for oil tankers apply to many jurisdictions in which our tanker fleet operates. These regulations provide that:

• tankers between 25 and 30 years old must be of double-hull construction or of a mid-deck design with double-side construction, unless they have wing tanks or double-bottom spaces not used for the carriage of oil, which cover at least 30% of the length of the cargo tank section of the hull, or are capable of hydrostatically balanced loading which ensures at least the same level of protection against oil spills in the event of collision or stranding;

• tankers 30 years old or older must be of double-hull construction or mid-deck design with double-side construction; and

• all tankers are subject to enhanced inspections.

IMO regulations relating to pollution prevention for oil tankers have been adopted by many of the jurisdictions in which our tanker fleet operates, but not by the United States. Under IMO regulations, an oil tanker must be of double-hull construction, be of mid-deck design with double-side construction or be of another approved design ensuring the same level of protection against oil pollution in the event that such tanker:

• is the subject of a contract for a major conversion or original construction on or after July 6, 1993;

• commences a major conversion or has its keel laid on or after January 6, 1994; or

• completes a major conversion or is a newbuilding delivered on or after July 6, 1996.

In December 2003, the IMO revised its regulations relating to the prevention of pollution from oil tankers. These regulations, which became effective in April 2005, accelerate the mandatory phase-out of single-hull tankers and impose a more rigorous inspection regime for older tankers. As a result of these regulations, in 2003 we recorded a non-cash write-down of the book value of the affected vessels. We subsequently sold all the vessels affected by these regulations and no longer own any single-hull vessels. In July 2003, the European Union adopted legislation that will prohibit all single-hull tankers from entering into its ports or offshore terminals under a phase-out schedule (depending upon age, type and cargo of tankers) between the years 2003 and 2010. All single-hull tankers will be banned by 2010. The European Union has already banned all single-hull tankers carrying heavy grades of oil from entering or leaving its ports or offshore terminals or anchoring in areas under its jurisdiction. Commencing in April 2005, certain single-hull tankers above 15 years of age are also restricted from entering or leaving EU ports or offshore terminals and anchoring in areas under EU jurisdiction. All of the tankers that we currently operate are double-hulled and will not be affected directly by these IMO and EU regulations.

The European Union has also adopted legislation that bans manifestly sub-standard vessels (defined as vessels that have been detained twice by EU port authorities after July 2003) from European waters, creates obligations on the part of EU member port states to inspect at least 24% of vessels using these ports annually, provides for increased surveillance of vessels posing a high risk to maritime safety or the marine environment

and provides the European Union with greater authority and control over classification societies, including the ability to seek to suspend or revoke the authority of negligent societies. The European Union is also considering the adoption of criminal sanctions for certain pollution events, including tank cleaning.

IMO regulations also include the International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (or SOLAS), including amendments to SOLAS implementing the International Security Code for Ports and Ships (or ISPS), the ISM Code, the International Convention on Prevention of Pollution from Ships (the MARPOL Convention), the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969, the International Convention on Load Lines of 1966, and, specifically with respect to LNG carriers, the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (or the IGC Code). The IMO Marine Safety Committee has also published guidelines for vessels with dynamic positioning (DP) systems, which would apply to shuttle tankers and DP-assisted FSO units and FPSO units. SOLAS provides rules for the construction of and equipment required for commercial vessels and includes regulations for safe operation. Flag states that have ratified the convention and the treaty generally employ the classification societies, which have incorporated SOLAS requirements into their class rules, to undertake surveys to confirm compliance.

SOLAS and other IMO regulations concerning safety, including those relating to treaties on training of shipboard personnel, lifesaving appliances, radio equipment and the global maritime distress and safety system, are applicable to our operations. Non-compliance with IMO regulations, including SOLAS, the ISM Code, ISPS and the IGC Code, and the specific requirements for shuttle tankers, FSO units and FPSO units under the NPD (Norway) and HSE (United Kingdom) regulations may subject us to increased liability or penalties, may lead to decreases in available insurance coverage for affected vessels and may result in the denial of access to, or detention in, some ports. For example, the Coast Guard and European Union authorities have indicated that vessels not in compliance with ISM Code will be prohibited from trading in U.S. and European ports.

The ISM Code requires vessel operators to obtain a safety management certification for each vessel they manage, evidencing the ship-owner’s compliance with requirements of the ISM Code relating to the development and maintenance of an extensive “Safety Management System.” Such a system includes, among other things, the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for safe operation and describing procedures for dealing with emergencies. Each of the existing vessels in our fleet currently is ISM Code-certified, and we expect to obtain safety management certification for each newbuilding vessel upon delivery.

LNG and LPG carriers are also subject to regulation under the IGC Code. Each LNG carrier must obtain a certificate of compliance evidencing that it meets the requirements of the IGC Code, including requirements relating to its design and construction. Each of our LNG carriers currently is in substantial compliance with the IGC Code, and each of our LNG newbuilding shipbuilding contracts requires compliance prior to delivery.

Environmental Regulations — United States Regulations. The United States has enacted an extensive regulatory and liability regime for the protection and cleanup of the environment from oil spills, including discharges of oil cargoes, bunker fuels or lubricants, primarily through the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (or OPA 90) and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (or CERCLA). OPA 90 affects all owners, bareboat charterers and operators whose vessels trade to the United States or its territories or possessions or whose vessels operate in United States waters, which include the U.S. territorial sea and 200-mile exclusive economic zone around the United States.

Under OPA 90, vessel owners, operators and bareboat charterers are “responsible parties” and are jointly, severally and strictly liable (unless the spill results solely from the act or omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war and the responsible party reports the incident and reasonably cooperates with the appropriate authorities) for all containment and clean-up costs and other damages arising from discharges or threatened discharges of oil from their vessels. These other damages are defined broadly to include:

• natural resources damages and the related assessment costs;

• real and personal property damages;

• net loss of taxes, royalties, rents, fees and other lost revenues;

• lost profits or impairment of earning capacity due to property or natural resources damage;

• net cost of public services necessitated by a spill response, such as protection from fire, safety or health hazards; and

• loss of subsistence use of natural resources.

OPA 90 limits the liability of responsible parties. Effective as of October 9, 2006, the limit for double-hulled tank vessels was increased to the greater of $1,900 per gross ton or $16 million per double-hulled tanker per incident, subject to adjustment for inflation. These limits of liability would not apply if the incident were proximately caused by violation of applicable U.S. federal safety, construction or operating regulations, including IMO conventions to which the United States is a signatory, or by the responsible party’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, or if the responsible party fails or refuses to report the incident or to cooperate and assist in connection with the oil removal activities. In addition, CERCLA, which applies to the discharge of hazardous substances (other than oil) whether on land or at sea, contains a similar liability regime and provides for cleanup, removal and natural resource damages. Liability under CERCLA is limited to the greater of $300 per gross ton or $5 million, unless the incident is caused by gross negligence, willful misconduct, or a violation of certain regulations, in which case liability is unlimited. We currently maintain for each vessel pollution liability coverage in the maximum coverage amount of $1 billion per incident. A catastrophic spill could exceed the coverage available, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Under OPA 90, with limited exceptions, all newly built or converted tankers delivered after January 1, 1994 and operating in U.S. waters must be built with double-hulls. All of our existing tankers are, and all of our newbuildings will be, double-hulled.

In December 1994, the U.S. Coast Guard (or Coast Guard) implemented regulations requiring evidence of financial responsibility in the amount of $1,500 per gross ton for tankers, coupling the then-applicable OPA limitation on liability of $1,200 per gross ton with the CERCLA liability limit of $300 per gross ton. The financial responsibility limits have not been increased to comport with the amended statutory limits of OPA. However, the Coast Guard has issued a notice of policy change indicating its intention to change the financial responsibility regulations accordingly. Under the regulations, such evidence of financial responsibility may be demonstrated by insurance, surety bond, self-insurance, guaranty or an alternate method subject to agency approval. Under OPA 90, an owner or operator of a fleet of vessels is required only to demonstrate evidence of financial responsibility in an amount sufficient to cover the tanker in the fleet having the greatest maximum limited liability under OPA 90 and CERCLA.

The Coast Guard’s regulations concerning certificates of financial responsibility (or COFR) provide, in accordance with OPA 90, that claimants may bring suit directly against an insurer or guarantor that furnishes COFR. In addition, in the event that such insurer or guarantor is sued directly, it is prohibited from asserting any contractual defense that it may have had against the responsible party and is limited to asserting those defenses available to the responsible party and the defense that the incident was caused by the willful misconduct of the responsible party. Certain organizations, which had typically provided COFR under pre-OPA 90 laws, including the major protection and indemnity organizations have declined to furnish evidence of insurance for vessel owners and operators if they are subject to direct actions or required to waive insurance policy defenses. The Coast Guard has indicated that it intends to propose a rule that would increase the required amount of such COFRs to $2,200 per gross ton to reflect the higher limits on liability imposed by OPA 90, as described above.

The Coast Guard’s financial responsibility regulations may also be satisfied by evidence of surety bond, guaranty or by self-insurance. Under the self-insurance provisions, the ship-owner or operator must have a net worth and working capital, measured in assets located in the United States against liabilities located anywhere in the world, that exceeds the applicable amount of financial responsibility. We have complied with the Coast Guard regulations by obtaining financial guaranties from a third-party. If other vessels in our fleet trade into the United States in the future, we expect to obtain additional guarantees from third-party insurers or to provide guarantees through self-insurance.

OPA 90 and CERCLA permit individual states to impose their own liability regimes with regard to oil or hazardous substance pollution incidents occurring within their boundaries if the state’s regulations are equally or more stringent, and some states have enacted legislation providing for unlimited strict liability for spills. Several coastal states, including California, Washington and Alaska, require state specific COFR and vessel response plans. We intend to comply with all applicable state regulations in the ports where our vessels call.

Owners or operators of tank vessels operating in United States waters are required to file vessel response plans with the Coast Guard, and their tank vessels are required to operate in compliance with their Coast Guard approved plans. Such response plans must, among other things:

• address a “worst case” scenario and identify and ensure, through contract or other approved means, the availability of necessary private response resources to respond to a “worst case discharge”;

• describe crew training and drills; and

• identify a qualified individual with full authority to implement removal actions.

We have filed vessel response plans with the Coast Guard for the vessels we own and have received approval of such plans for all vessels in our fleet to operate in United States waters. In addition, we conduct regular oil spill response drills in accordance with the guidelines set out in OPA 90. The Coast Guard has announced it intends to propose similar regulations requiring certain vessels to prepare response plans for the release of hazardous substances.

CERCLA contains a similar liability regime to OPA 90, but applies to the discharge of “hazardous substances” rather than “oil.” Petroleum products and LNG should not be considered hazardous substances under CERCLA, but additives to oil or lubricants used on LNG carriers might fall within its scope. CERCLA imposes strict joint and several liability upon the owner, operator or bareboat charterer of a vessel for cleanup costs and damages arising from a discharge of hazardous substances.

OPA 90 and CERCLA do not preclude claimants from seeking damages for the discharge of oil and hazardous substances under other applicable law, including maritime tort law. Such claims could include attempts to characterize the transportation of LNG aboard a vessel as an ultra-hazardous activity under a doctrine that would impose strict liability for damages resulting from that activity. The application of this doctrine varies by jurisdiction. There can be no assurance that a court in a particular jurisdiction will not determine that the carriage of oil or LNG aboard a vessel is an ultra-hazardous activity, which would expose us to strict liability for damages caused to parties even when we have not acted negligently.

Environmental Regulation—Other Environmental Initiatives.

Although the United States is not a party, many countries have ratified and follow the liability scheme adopted by the IMO and set out in the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969, as amended (or CLC), and the Convention for the Establishment of an International Fund for Oil Pollution of 1971, as amended. Under these conventions, which are applicable to vessels that carry persistent oil (not LNG) as cargo, a vessel’s registered owner is strictly liable for pollution damage caused in the territorial waters of a contracting state by discharge of persistent oil, subject to certain complete defenses. Many of the countries that have ratified the CLC have increased the liability limits through a 1992 Protocol to the CLC. The liability limits in the countries that have ratified this Protocol are currently approximately $7.4 million plus approximately $1,040 per gross registered tonne above 5,000 gross tonnes with an approximate maximum of $148 million per vessel and the exact amount tied to a unit of account which varies according to a basket of currencies. The right to limit liability is forfeited under the CLC when the spill is caused by the owner’s actual fault or privity and, under the 1992 Protocol, when the spill is caused by the owner’s intentional or reckless conduct. Vessels trading to contracting states must provide evidence of insurance covering the limited liability of the owner. In jurisdictions where the CLC has not been adopted, various legislative schemes or common law govern, and liability is imposed either on the basis of fault or in a manner similar to the CLC.

In September 1997, the IMO adopted Annex VI to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (or Annex VI) to address air pollution from ships. Annex VI, which became effective in May 2005, sets limits on sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from ship exhausts and prohibit deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances, such as halons, chlorofluorocarbons, emissions of volatile compounds from cargo tanks and prohibition of shipboard incineration of specific substances. Annex VI also includes a global cap on the sulfur content of fuel oil and allows for special areas to be established with more stringent controls on sulfur emissions. We plan to operate our vessels in compliance with Annex VI. Additional or new conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted that could adversely affect our ability to manage our ships.

In addition, the IMO, various countries and states, such as Australia, the United States and the State of California, and various regulators, such as port authorities, the U.S. Coast Guard and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, have either adopted legislation or regulations, or are separately considering the adoption of legislation or regulations, aimed at regulating the transmission, distribution, supply and storage of LNG, the discharge of ballast water and the discharge of bunkers as potential pollutants, and requiring the installation on ocean-going vessels of pollution prevention equipment such as oily water separators and bilge alarms.

The United States Clean Water Act prohibits the discharge of oil or hazardous substances in U.S. navigable waters and imposes strict liability in the form of penalties for unauthorized discharges. The Clean Water Act also imposes substantial liability for the costs of removal, remediation and damages and complements the remedies available under OPA 90 and CERCLA discussed above. Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the EPA in the early 1970s, the discharge of sewage and effluent from properly functioning marine engines was exempted from the permit requirements of the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System. This exemption allowed vessels in U.S. ports to discharge certain substances, including ballast water, without obtaining a permit to do so. However, on March 30, 2005, a U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California granted summary judgment to certain environmental groups and U.S. states that had challenged the EPA regulations, arguing that the EPA exceeded its authority in promulgating them. On September 18, 2006, the U.S. District Court in that action issued an order invalidating the exemption in EPA’s regulations for all discharges incidental to the normal operation of a vessel as of September 30, 2008, and directing EPA to develop a system for regulating all discharges from vessels by that date.

The EPA has appealed this decision. Oral arguments on this appeal were heard by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on August 14, 2007. No decision has yet been issued. If the exemption is repealed, we would be subject to the Clean Water Act permit requirements that could include ballast water treatment obligations that could increase the costs of operating in the United States. For example, this ruling could require the installation of equipment on our vessels to treat ballast water before it is discharged, require the implementation of other port facility disposal arrangements or procedures at potentially substantial cost, and otherwise restrict our vessels traffic in U.S. waters.

In Norway, the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority requires the installation of volatile organic compound emissions (or VOC equipment) on most shuttle tankers serving the Norwegian continental shelf. Oil companies bear the cost to install and operate the VOC equipment onboard the shuttle tankers.

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2007Vessel Security Regulation

The ISPS was adopted by the IMO in December 2002 in the wake of heightened concern over worldwide terrorism and became effective on July 1, 2004. The objective of ISPS is to enhance maritime security by detecting security threats to ships and ports and by requiring the development of security plans and other measures designed to prevent such threats. The United States implemented ISPS with the adoption of the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 (or MTSA), which requires vessels entering U.S. waters to obtain certification of plans to respond to emergency incidents there, including identification of persons authorized to implement the plans. Each of the existing vessels in our fleet currently complies with the requirements of ISPS and MTSA.

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2007Shuttle Tanker, FSO Unit and FPSO Unit Regulation

Our shuttle tankers primarily operate in the North Sea. In addition to the regulations imposed by the IMO, countries having jurisdiction over North Sea areas impose regulatory requirements in connection with operations in those areas, including HSE in the United Kingdom and NPD in Norway. These regulatory requirements, together with additional requirements imposed by operators in North Sea oil fields, require that we make further expenditures for sophisticated equipment, reporting and redundancy systems on our shuttle tankers and for the training of seagoing staff. Additional regulations and requirements may be adopted or imposed that could limit our ability to do business or further increase the cost of doing business in the North Sea. In Brazil, Petrobras serves in a regulatory capacity and has adopted standards similar to those in the North Sea.

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2007D. Taxation of the Company

The following discussion is a summary of the principal United States, Bahamian, Bermudian, Marshall Islands, Norwegian and Spanish tax laws applicable to us. The following discussion of tax matters, as well as the conclusions regarding certain issues of tax law that are reflected in such discussion, are based on current law. No assurance can be given that changes in or interpretation of existing laws will not occur or will not be retroactive or that anticipated future factual matters and circumstances will in fact occur. Our views have no binding effect or official status of any kind, and no assurance can be given that the conclusions discussed below would be sustained if challenged by taxing authorities.

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2007United States Taxation

The following discussion is based upon the provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (or the Code), existing and proposed U.S. Treasury Department regulations, administrative rulings, pronouncements and judicial decisions, all as of the date of this Annual Report.

Taxation of Operating Income. We expect that substantially all of our gross income will be attributable to the transportation of crude oil and related products. For this purpose, gross income attributable to transportation (or Transportation Income) includes income derived from, or in connection with, the use (or hiring or leasing for use) of a vessel to transport cargo, or the performance of services directly related to the use of any vessel to transport cargo, and thus includes both time-charter or bareboat charter income.

Transportation Income that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States (or U.S. Source International Transportation Income) will be considered to be 50.0% derived from sources within the United States. Transportation Income attributable to transportation that both begins and ends in the United States (or U.S. Source Domestic Transportation Income) will be considered to be 100.0% derived from sources within the United States. Transportation Income attributable to transportation exclusively between non-U.S. destinations will be considered to be 100% derived from sources outside the United States. Transportation Income derived from sources outside the United States generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.

We have made special U.S. tax elections in respect of some of our vessel-owning or vessel-operating subsidiaries that are potentially engaged in activities which could give rise to U.S. Source International Transportation Income. Other subsidiaries that are engaged in activities which could give rise to U.S. Source International Transportation Income rely on our ability to claim exemption under Section 883 of the Code (the Section 883 Exemption).

The Section 883 Exemption. In general, the Section 883 Exemption provides that if a non-U.S. corporation satisfies the requirements of Section 883 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder (or the Section 883 Regulations), it will not be subject to the net basis and branch taxes or 4.0% gross basis tax described below on its U.S. Source International Transportation Income. The Section 883 Exemption only applies to U.S. Source International Transportation Income. As discussed below, we believe the Section 883 Exemption will apply and we will not be taxed on our U.S. Source International Transportation Income. The Section 883 Exemption does not apply to U.S. Source Domestic Transportation Income.

A non-U.S. corporation will qualify for the Section 883 Exemption if it is organized in a jurisdiction outside the United States that grants an equivalent exemption from tax to corporations organized in the United States (or an Equivalent Exemption), it meets one of three ownership tests (or the Ownership Test) described in the Final Section 883 Regulations and it meets certain substantiation, reporting and other requirements.

We are organized under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The U.S. Treasury Department has recognized the Republic of the Marshall Islands as a jurisdiction that grants an Equivalent Exemption. Consequently, our U.S. Source International Transportation Income (including for this purpose, any such income earned by our subsidiaries that have properly elected to be treated as partnerships or disregarded as entities separate from us for U.S. federal income tax purposes) will be exempt from U.S. federal income taxation provided we meet the Ownership Test described in the Section 883 Regulations. We believe that we should satisfy the Ownership Test because our stock is primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States within the meaning of the Section 883 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder. We can give no assurance that any changes in the ownership of our stock subsequent to the date of this report will permit us to continue to qualify for the Section 883 exemption.

The 4.0% Gross Basis Tax. If the Section 883 Exemption does not apply and the net basis tax does not apply, we would be subject to a 4.0% U.S. federal income tax on the U.S. source portion of our gross U.S. Source International Transportation Income, without benefit of deductions. For 2007 and 2006, approximately 7.8% and 8.7%, respectively, of our gross shipping revenues were U.S. Source International Transportation Income and the average U.S. federal income tax on such U.S. Source International Transportation Income would have been approximately $7.5 million and $7.0 million, respectively, for 2007 and 2006.

The Net Basis Tax and Branch Profits Tax. If we earn U.S. Source International Transportation Income and the Section 883 Exemption does not apply, such income may be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States (or Effectively Connected Income) if we have a fixed place of business in the United States and substantially all of our U.S. Source International Transportation Income is attributable to regularly scheduled transportation or, in the case of bareboat charter income, is attributable to a fixed placed of business in the United States. Based on our current operations, none of our potential U.S. Source International Transportation Income is attributable to regularly scheduled transportation or is received pursuant to bareboat charters. As a result, we do not anticipate that any of our U.S. Source International Transportation Income will be treated as Effectively Connected Income. However, there is no assurance that we will not earn income pursuant to regularly scheduled transportation or bareboat charters attributable to a fixed place of business in the United States in the future, which would result in such income being treated as Effectively Connected Income.

U.S. Source Domestic Transportation Income generally will be treated as Effectively Connected Income. However, we do not anticipate that any of our income has or will be U.S. Source Domestic Transportation Income.

Any income we earn that is treated as Effectively Connected Income would be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax (the highest statutory rate is currently 35.0%). In addition, if we earn income that is treated as Effectively Connected Income, a 30.0% branch profits tax imposed under Section 884 of the Code generally would apply to such income, and a branch interest tax could be imposed on certain interest paid or deemed paid by us.

On the sale of a vessel that has produced Effectively Connected Income, we could be subject to the net basis corporate income tax and to the 30.0% branch profits tax with respect to our gain not in excess of certain prior deductions for depreciation that reduced Effectively Connected Income. Otherwise, we would not be subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to gain realized on the sale of a vessel, provided the sale is considered to occur outside of the United States under U.S. federal income tax principles.

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2007Marshall Islands, Bahamian and Bermudian Taxation

We believe that neither we nor our subsidiaries will be subject to taxation under the laws of the Marshall Islands, the Bahamas or Bermuda, or that distributions by our subsidiaries to us will be subject to any taxes under the laws of such countries.

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2007Norwegian Taxation

The following discussion is based upon the current tax laws of the Kingdom of Norway and regulations, the Norwegian tax administrative practice and judicial decisions thereunder, all as in effect as of the date of this Annual Report and subject to possible change on a retroactive basis. The following discussion is for general information purposes only and does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the Norwegian income tax considerations applicable to us.

Our Norwegian subsidiaries are subject to taxation in Norway on their income regardless of where the income is derived. The generally applicable Norwegian income tax rate is 28.0%.

Taxation of Norwegian Subsidiaries Engaged in Business Activities. All of our Norwegian subsidiaries are subject to normal Norwegian taxation. Generally, a Norwegian resident company is taxed on its income realized for tax purposes. The starting point for calculating taxable income is the company’s income as shown on its annual accounts, calculated under generally accepted accounting principles and as adjusted for tax purposes. Gross income will include capital gains, interest, dividends from certain corporations and foreign exchange gains.

The Norwegian companies also are taxed on any gains resulting from the sale of depreciable assets. The gain on these assets is taken into income for Norwegian tax purposes at a rate of 20.0% per year on a declining balance basis.

Norway does not allow consolidation of the income of companies in a corporate group for Norwegian tax purposes. However, a group of companies that is ultimately owned more than 90.0% by a single company can transfer its Norwegian taxable income to another Norwegian resident company in the group by making a transfer to the other company (this is referred to as making a “group contribution”). The ultimate parent in the corporate group can be a foreign company.

Group contributions are deductible for the contributing company for tax purposes and are included in the taxable income of the receiving company in the income year in which the contribution is made. Group contributions are subject to the same rules as dividend distributions under the Norwegian Companies Act. In other words, group contributions are restricted to the amount that is available to distribute as dividends for corporate law purposes.

Taxation of Dividends. Generally, dividends received by a Norwegian resident company are exempt from Norwegian taxation. The exemption does not apply to dividends from companies resident outside the European Economic Area if (a) the country of residence is a low-tax country or (b) the ownership of shares in the distributing company is considered to be a “portfolio investment” (i.e. less than 10.0% share ownership or less than two years continuous ownership period). Dividends not exempt from Norwegian taxation are subject to the general 28.0% income tax rate when received by the Norwegian resident company. We believe that dividends received by our Norwegian subsidiaries will not be subject to Norwegian tax.

Correction Income Tax. Our Norwegian subsidiaries may be subject to a tax, called correction income tax, on their dividend distributions. Norwegian correction tax is levied if a dividend distribution leads to the company’s balance sheet equity at year end being lower than the company’s paid-in share capital (including share premium), plus a calculated amount equal to 72.0% of the net positive temporary timing differences between the company’s book values and tax values.

As a result, correction tax is effectively levied if dividend distributions result in the company’s financial statement equity for accounting purposes being reduced below its equity calculated for tax purposes (i.e. when dividends are paid out of accounting earnings that have not been subject to taxation in Norway). In addition to dividend distributions, correction tax may also be levied on the partial liquidation of the share capital of the company or if the company makes group contributions that are in excess of taxable income for the year.

Taxation of Interest Paid by Norwegian Entities. Norway does not levy any tax or withholding tax on interest paid by a Norwegian resident company to a company that is not resident in Norway (provided that the interest rate and the debt/equity ratio are based on arms-length principles). Therefore, any interest paid by our Norwegian subsidiaries to companies that are not resident in Norway will not be subject to Norwegian withholding tax.

Taxation on Distributions by Norwegian Entities. Norway levies a 25.0% withholding tax on non-residents of Norway that receive dividends from a Norwegian resident company. However, if the recipient of the dividend is resident in a country that has an income tax treaty with Norway or that is a member of the European Economic Area, the Norwegian withholding tax may be reduced or eliminated. We believe that distributions by our Norwegian subsidiaries will be subject to a reduced amount of Norwegian withholding tax or not be subject to Norwegian withholding tax.

We do not expect that payment of Norwegian income taxes will have a material effect on our results.

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2007Spanish Taxation

Spain imposes income taxes on income generated by our majority owned Spanish subsidiary’s shipping related activities at a rate of 32.5%. Two alternative Spanish tax regimes provide incentives for Spanish companies engaged in shipping activities, the Canary Islands Special Ship Registry (or CISSR) and the Spanish Tonnage Tax Regime (or TTR). As at December 31, 2007, all but two of our vessels operated by our operating Spanish subsidiaries were subject to the TTR.

Under the TTR, the applicable income tax is based on the weight (measured as net tonnage) of the vessel and the number of days during the taxable period that the vessel is at the company’s disposal, excluding time required for repairs. The tax base ranges from 0.20 Euros per day per 100 tonnes to 0.90 Euros per day per 100 tonnes, against which the generally applicable tax rate of 32.5% applies. If the shipping company also engages in activities other than those subject to the TTR regime, income from those other activities is subject to tax at the generally applicable rate of 32.5%. If a vessel is acquired and disposed of by a company while it is subject to the TTR regime, any gain on the disposition of the vessel generally is not subject to Spanish taxation. If the company acquired the vessel prior to becoming subject to the TTR regime or if the company acquires a used vessel after becoming subject to the TTR regime, the difference between the fair market value of the vessel at the time it enters into the TTR and the tax value of the vessel at that time is added to the taxable income in Spain when the vessel is disposed of and generally remains subject to Spanish taxation at the rate of 32.5%.

Our two Spanish subsidiary’s vessels which are registered in the CISSR are allowed a credit, equal to 90% of the tax payable on income from the commercial operation of the Canary Islands registered ships, against the tax otherwise payable. This effectively results in an income tax rate of approximately 3.25% on income from the operation of these vessels. Vessel sales are subject to the full 32.5% Spanish tax rate. A 20% reinvestment credit it available if the entire gross proceeds from the vessel sale are reinvested in a qualifying asset and if the asset disposed of has been held for a minimum period of one year.

We do not expect Spanish income taxes will have a material effect on our results.

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