Sea Limited (SE) Spending and interest coverage
- R&D / revenue · 12 months: Value 5.90%; Formula and calculation Research and development expense / revenue. Period ending 2025-12-31..
- Stock-based compensation / revenue · 12 months: Value 3.18%; Formula and calculation Share-based compensation / revenue. Period ending 2025-12-31..
- Interest coverage · 12 months: Value 59.07×; Formula and calculation Operating income ÷ reported interest expense..
Spending and interest coverage
Overview →Financial period ending 2025-12-31; current quote (m). Amounts retain their stated periods and units.
| Metric | Value | Formula and calculation |
|---|---|---|
| R&D / revenue · 12 months | 5.90% | Research and development expense / revenue. Period ending 2025-12-31. $1.16B ÷ $19.63B × 100 ≈ 5.90% |
| Stock-based compensation / revenue · 12 months | 3.18% | Share-based compensation / revenue. Period ending 2025-12-31. $625.00M ÷ $19.63B × 100 ≈ 3.18% |
| Interest coverage · 12 months | 59.07× | Operating income ÷ reported interest expense. $1.99B ÷ $33.61M ≈ 59.07× |
Calculation inputs
| Input | Amount with unit | Raw financial data |
|---|---|---|
| Research and development spending | 1.16B USD | Research and Development Expense |
| Revenue | 19.63B USD | Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax |
| Stock-based compensation | 625.00M USD | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense |
| Operating income | 1.99B USD | Operating Income (Loss) |
| Interest expense · reported / estimated | 33.61M USD | Interest Expense · Estimated expense assumptions |
Latest interest expense basis: Reported. Estimated values carry *; expand each history row’s basis for its dated balances and rate assumptions.
Calculated history
Changes compare with the next older row (previous quarter), unless explicitly labeled otherwise. Rolling 12-month growth compares two successive quarter-end rolling totals; it is not year-over-year growth.
| Period ending | Research and development spending (USD) | Revenue (USD) | Stock-based compensation (USD) | Operating income (USD) | Interest expense · reported / estimated (USD) | R&D / revenue | SBC / revenue | Interest coverage | Interest expense basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-12-31 | $1.16B | $19.63B | $625.00M | $1.99B | $33.61M | 5.90% | 3.18% | 59.07× | Reported |
| 2024-12-31 | $1.21B | $16.82B | $715.84M | $662.15M | $38.34M | 7.17% | 4.26% | 17.27× | Reported |
| 2023-12-31 | $1.16B | $13.06B | $685.03M | $224.78M | $41.08M | 8.91% | 5.24% | 5.47× | Reported |
| 2022-12-31 | $1.38B | $12.45B | $705.90M | $-1.49B | $45.40M | 11.06% | 5.67% | -32.77× | Reported |
| 2021-12-31 | $831.70M | $9.96B | $470.32M | $-1.58B | $138.94M | 8.35% | 4.72% | -11.39× | Reported |
| 2021-06-30 | $527.54M | $6.82B | $387.62M | $-1.35B | $129.92M | 7.73% | 5.68% | -10.35× | Reported |
| 2020-12-31 | $353.79M | $4.38B | $290.25M | $-1.30B | $148.24M | 8.09% | 6.63% | -8.79× | Reported |
| 2020-09-30 | $293.75M | $3.59B | $231.33M | $-1.18B | $130.52M | 8.19% | 6.45% | -9.01× | Reported |
| 2020-06-30 | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2019-12-31 | $156.63M | $2.18B | $117.07M | $-891.23M | $48.21M | 7.20% | 5.38% | -18.49× | Reported |
| 2019-09-30 | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) |
| 2018-12-31 | $67.53M | $826.97M | $58.12M | $-988.77M | $31.30M | 8.17% | 7.03% | -31.60× | Reported |
| 2017-12-31 | $29.32M | $414.19M | $28.64M | $-502.36M | $26.50M | 7.08% | 6.91% | -18.96× | Reported |
| 2016-12-31 | $20.81M | $345.67M | $28.84M | $-205.39M | $23.00K | 6.02% | 8.34% | -8929.96× | Reported |
| 2015-12-31 | $17.73M | $292.12M | $20.56M | $-83.06M | $32.00K | 6.07% | 7.04% | -2595.63× | Reported |
(m) means missing inputs. Historical market-based ratios use the saved close on or immediately before period ending and that period’s reported shares; current quotes are not substituted. Five-year projections repeat historical CAGR, not analyst forecasts.